Veterinary practices increasingly use antineoplastic (chemotherapeutic) drugs to treat cancer in companion animals, but the potential for occupational exposure to these drugs in veterinary settings remains poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the use of antineoplastic drugs and the risk of exposure in veterinary clinics. The research consisted of two parts: an online survey and surface-wipe sampling. The survey, completed by 80 veterinary clinics in British Columbia and Minnesota, revealed that 24% administered antineoplastic drugs, with limited use of special rooms or biosafety cabinets. Training and protective equipment were inconsistently employed. Surface-wipe sampling conducted in seven clinics tested for 11 drugs, identifying contamination in 24 instances, mainly on high-touch surfaces such as floors and tables. Although contamination levels were low, the study highlights the need for improved handling protocols, training, PPE use, and contamination surveillance. The findings suggest further research to develop best practices and occupational exposure limits specific to veterinary settings.